1、{C}This trend began during the Second World War, when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail.
(1)句子拆分
拆分點:從屬連詞、介詞、標點符號
This trend began∥during the Second World War,∥when several governments came to the conclusion∥that the specific demands∥that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen∥in detail.
(2)句子結構
①找謂語動詞(began, came, wants, cannot be foreseen);
②找連詞(when, that, that)
③前面沒有從屬連詞的動詞即為主句的謂語動詞
④確定主從句:
主句:This trend began during the Second World War;
從句:定語從句when several governments came to the conclusion修飾the Second World War,本從句嵌套著一個二級從句即同位語從句that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail修飾conclusion和一個三級從句that引導的定語從句that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
(3)解析
during the Second World War介詞短語做狀語;
when several governments came to the conclusion that the specific demands that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment cannot generally be foreseen in detail做定語修飾the Second World War;
that the specific demands cannot generally be foreseen in detail同位語從句修飾conclusion;
that a government wants to make of its scientific establishment修飾demands。
例:The Internet -- and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it -- is making access to scientific results a reality.
分析:在瀏覽該句時,發現句子中出現了雙破折號,其中間的內容and pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to it為插入語,瀏覽的時候先跳過。這樣就可以看到把主干The Internet is making access to scientific results a reality理解了。然后再把具體插入語給填充進去就可以了。
在英語中通常會有倒裝,主要分兩種一種是語法要求必須要倒裝,比如:以here , there ,then , now , next引出的倒裝句;以表地點的介詞短語引出的倒裝句;以表示方位的副詞引出的倒裝句;否定詞或具有否定意義的詞及詞組用在句首;only置于句首;as / though引導讓步狀語從句;在虛擬條件句中,連詞if省略時,即將were , had , should等詞提到句首。第二種是人為的倒裝,為了平衡句子的結構或強調一些內容,會對句子進行句序調整。這樣就加大了理解難度,同學們在做題時要注意按照正確的順序進行翻譯。
例:Odd though it sounds, cosmic inflation is a scientifically plausible consequence of some respected ideas in elementary-particle physics, and many astrophysicists have been convinced for the better part of a decade that it is true.
分析:原文中Odd though it sounds,此分句為倒裝句,是作者為了強調“奇怪”這個現象,特意把odd移到前面,構成了表語結構的提前。在翻譯的時候要按照正常的順序進行調整。
例:As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.
分析:主語是the interaction and confrontation,謂語是transforms,伴隨狀語為As a discovery claim works its way through the community,定語為between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved,修飾主語the interaction and confrontation